Oracle中有些参数是可以在session级别修改,有些则必须在system级别修改,有些参数不需要重启就能马上生效,有些参数必须重启才能生效,那么如何知道这些信息呢?可以从v$parameter视图中得出,重点关注这个视图的以下几列:
ISSES_MODIFIABLE VARCHAR2(5) Indicates whether the parameter can be
changed withALTER SESSION(TRUE) or not (FALSE)
ISSYS_MODIFIABLE VARCHAR2(9) Indicates whether the parameter can be
changed withALTER SYSTEMand when the change takes effect:
IMMEDIATE- Parameter can be changed withALTER SYSTEMregardless of
the type of parameter file used to start the instance. The change
takes effect immediately.
DEFERRED- Parameter can be changed withALTER SYSTEMregardless of the type of parameter file used to start the instance. The change takes effect in subsequent sessions.
FALSE- Parameter cannot be changed withALTER SYSTEMunless a server parameter file was used to start the instance. The change takes effect in subsequent instances.
ISSES_MODIFIABLE 这一列标志该参数是否可以在session级别被修改;
ISSYS_MODIFIABLE 这一列标志该参数是否可以在system级别被修改,其中有三个值:
IMMEDIATE表示修改完之后立即生效,DEFERRED表示必须得等下个session才能生效,也就是当前session还是不起作用的,FALSE表示实例重启后才能生效。
下面就以4个典型参数做实验:
SQL> select NAME,ISSES_MODIFIABLE,ISSYS_MODIFIABLE from v$parameter where NAME in ('workarea_size_policy','audit_file_dest','sga_target','sga_max_size'); NAME ISSES_MODIFIABLE ISSYS_MODIFIABLE ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ---------------------------- workarea_size_policy TRUE IMMEDIATE sga_target FALSE IMMEDIATE audit_file_dest FALSE DEFERRED sga_max_size FALSE FALSE
1.workarea_size_policy可以alter session修改
查看原来的配置: SQL> show parameter workarea_size_policy NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ----------------- workarea_size_policy string AUTO 在session级别修改: SQL> alter session set workarea_size_policy=MANUAL; Session altered. 在本session查看,可以发现修改已经生效: SQL> show parameter workarea_size_policy NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------- workarea_size_policy string MANUAL
2. sga_target在用alter system修改后立即生效
查看原来的配置: SQL> show parameter sga_target NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- -------------- sga_target big integer 1504M SQL> alter system set sga_target=1400M; System altered. 用alter system修改后立即生效: SQL> show parameter sga_target NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------ sga_target big integer 1400M
3. audit_file_dest在用alter system修改后,知道下个session才生效
查看原来的配置: SQL> show parameter audit_file_dest NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ----------------------- audit_file_dest string H:\INTEL_DB_DUMPS 注意:后面必须得加关键字deferred,否则会报错。 SQL> alter system set audit_file_dest='H:\INTEL_DB_DUMPS\O02DMS1' deferred; System altered. 在本session里查询还是原值,没有改变: SQL> show parameter audit_file NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------- audit_file_dest string H:\INTEL_DB_DUMPS 重新开个session,在查询发现已经改为新值了: SQL> show parameter audit_file_dest NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ----------------------------- audit_file_dest string H:\INTEL_DB_DUMPS\O02DMS1
4. sga_max_size在用alter system修改后必须重启实例才能生效
查看原来的配置: SQL> show parameter sga_max_size NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ----------------- sga_max_size big integer 1504M 注意:后面必须得加scope=spfile,否则会报错。 SQL> alter system set sga_max_size=1400 scope=spfile; System altered. 如果数据库没重启,无论如何还是原来的配置: SQL> show parameter sga_max_size NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------ sga_max_size big integer 1504M
重启数据库:
SQL> shutdown immediate; Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> startup ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 1468006400 bytes Fixed Size 1303076 bytes Variable Size 612371932 bytes Database Buffers 847249408 bytes Redo Buffers 7081984 bytes Database mounted. Database opened.
再重新查询,就可以看到用的是新值了:
SQL> show parameter sga_max_size NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------- sga_max_size big integer 1400M
附:
5.查看、修改最大连接数processes
select value from v$parameter where name = 'processes'; 或 SQL> show parameter processes;
修改最大连接数:
alter system set processes=1500 scope=spfile; alter system set sessions=1500 scope=spfile;
修改完重启数据库生效!
查看当前进程的最大连接数:
select count(*) from v$process;
查看数据库的并发连接数:
select count(*) from v$session where status='ACTIVE';
查看当前数据库建立的会话情况:
select sid,serial#,username,program,machine,status from v$session;
6.查看资源使用情况
select * from v$resource_limit;
增加processes
alter system set processes=200 scope=spfile;
7.查看数据库参数
SQL> col RESOURCE_NAME for a20 SQL> col LIMIT_VALUE for a20 SQL> select resource_name,MAX_UTILIZATION,LIMIT_VALUE from v$resource_limit where resource_name in ('processes','sessions'); RESOURCE_NAME MAX_UTILIZATION LIMIT_VALUE -------------------- --------------- -------------------- processes 281 500 sessions 282 792
8.查看每个内存段是属于oracle哪个实例,可以通过oracle命令sysresv
[oracle@rac2 ~]$ sysresv IPC Resources for ORACLE_SID "orcl" : Shared Memory: ID KEY 41385984 0xb2f44a00 Semaphores: ID KEY 16220162 0xb38b1d5c Oracle Instance alive for sid "orcl"
同版本多实例可以指定实例
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